肉桂醛对赤拟谷盗的熏蒸作用及对成虫保护酶活性的影响

为明确肉桂醛对赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum各发育阶段的杀虫活性及对成虫几种保护酶活性的影响, 本试验采用三角瓶密闭熏蒸法测定了肉桂醛对赤拟谷盗低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫、蛹和成虫的熏蒸作用及24 h致死中浓度熏蒸后成虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果表明, 肉桂醛的熏蒸效果与其浓度和赤拟谷盗发育阶段有关, 肉桂醛2.5 μL/L熏蒸72 h对赤拟谷盗成虫的熏蒸效果最好, 幼虫次之。在24 h致死中浓度处理下, 赤拟谷盗成虫体内SOD、POD、CAT活性分别在48、12 h和36 h达到最高, 其活性分别为对照的2.70、1.03倍和1.96倍。随着熏蒸时间的延长, 成虫POD活性在处理36 h后低于对照, SOD、CAT活性分别在处理36~60 h和24~48 h显著高于对照。综上所述, 经肉桂醛熏蒸处理后, 赤拟谷盗成虫体内动态平衡受到破坏, 进而产生毒害作用。因此, 肉桂醛对赤拟谷盗的生物防治有较高的应用价值。     

蛇床子素对三种储粮害虫的触杀毒力测定

采用药膜法对玉米象、米象、赤拟谷盗三种储粮害虫进行了蛇床子素室内毒力测定.96 h的毒力测定结果表明,蛇床子素对玉米象、米象、赤拟谷盗的IC50分别为0.155mg/cm2、0.645mg/cm2、0.656mg/cm2,蛇床子素对储粮害虫具有触杀作用,不同虫种对蛇床子素敏感性不同.     

褐拟谷盗的快速分子鉴定方法

文中应用PCR法和PCR-RFLP法建立了褐拟谷盗的快速分子鉴定方法.结果表明：①PCR法中,采用依据褐拟谷盗COI基因设计的特异性引物进行PCR扩增,其产物经电泳检测证实,能快速准确地鉴定褐拟谷盗;②PCR-RFLP法利用2组简并引物对目标拟谷盗的COI基因进行PCR扩增,并借助HindⅢ限制性内切酶对扩增产物进行酶切后,进行电泳检测,该法也可用于检疫工作中对褐拟谷盗的快速鉴定.     

赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum与锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus种间竞争的研究

在30℃、75%RH条件下研究赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum与锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus的种间竞争,并采用Votka-Volterra种间竞争模型进行拟合。结果表明,赤拟谷盗与锈赤扁谷盗混合饲养时的种群数量均小于单独饲养时的种群数量,两物种之间存在着显著的种间竞争关系。属于资源利用型竞争;单独饲养和混合饲养条件下赤拟谷盗的种群数量均大于锈赤扁谷盗的种群数量;混合饲养条件下两个物种可以共存,并形成稳定的平衡状态,在这个竞争系统中,赤拟谷盗为优势种。     

19 种植物提取物对家蝇和赤拟谷盗的杀虫活性

用1%浓度的甲醇提取物处理试虫后,浅裂南星根、千里光叶和草乌对家蝇48 h致死率在70%以上,最高为浅裂南星根100.00%。牡蒿和野花椒种子对家蝇48 h致死率在60%以上。萱草和打火草在处理后7 d,赤拟谷盗死亡率就超过70.00%。以甲醇冷浸提取法对所采集的植物材料进行冷浸提取时,提取率分布在0.29%~14.75%之间。     

丁香对赤拟谷盗卵和幼虫的致死作用

在室内条件下,研究了丁香干燥花蕾粉末对赤拟谷盗卵和幼虫的影响。结果表明:丁香对赤拟谷盗卵孵化有明显的抑制作用,对赤拟谷盗幼虫有致死作用并且全部致死时间随着赤拟谷盗幼虫龄期的增大而延长,龄期越小的幼虫其全部致死时间越短。     

Toxic and repellent effects of Baccharis salicifolia essential oil on Tribolium castaneum

Allelochemical effects were observed when Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults were treated with Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers essential oil. The main biological activities were toxicity and repellence. Terpenes present in the essential oil were identified by GC-MS, and some authentic samples were tested to assess their activity individually. The most acutely toxic compounds after 3 days were beta-pinene and pulegone. Most of the monoterpenes elicited symptoms indicative of neurotoxicity. The most repellent compound was alpha-terpineol. Toxic and repellent effects of chemical derivatives of the major sesquiterpene present in B salicifolia essential oil, as well as a series of monoterpenes, were evaluated in order to investigate structure-activity relationships. The reduced derivatives of the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were more repellent that their carbonyl analogues. In addition, unsaturation in the germacrane skeleton enhanced repellent activity.     

Preliminary study of the fumigant toxicity of allyl alcohol to three stored-product insects

The toxicity of allyl alcohol as a fumigant was assessed for adults ofTribolium castaneum (Herbst.),Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) andSitophilus oryzae (L.). Fumigations were carried out in 3.4–1 glass containers at concentrations of 1–15 mg/l for 3 h. The most sensitive species wasS. oryzae and the most tolerant wasT. castaneum. A dose of 15 mg/l for 3 h was lethal to all three species tested. The feasibility of proposing allyl alcohol as a candidate fumigant is discussed. Publication of the Agricultural Research Organization.     

Synergism of insecticidal action and effects on detoxifying enzymes in vivo of lambda-cyhalothrin and malathion by some nitrogen heterocycles in resistant and susceptible strains of Tribolium castaneum

The interactions of the synthetic pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin and malathion were studied with purines, pyrimidines, caffeine and some other related nitrogenous compounds in resistant and susceptible strains of Triboliurn castaneum (Herbst.) The results were compared with those obtained with a known synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and precocene I. Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine and uracil synergised lambda-cyhalothrin, especially in the susceptible strain, with maximum effect at a 1:1 mass ratio, with the effect decreasing with increasing proportion of the heterocycle. The order of synergism of lambda-cyhalothrin was; precocene I > PBO > the nitrogenous compounds, in both resistant and susceptible strains. On the other hand, caffeine (lethal effect increased about twice), barbital (about twice), isobarbituric acid (less than twice) and bromacil (up to eight times) synergised malathion in malathion-resistant strains and antagonised in the susceptible strains. Total in-vivo esterases, carbox-ylesterases and cytochrome P₄₅₀ of susceptible and resistant strains showed significantly increased activity or content when treated with either insecticide plus a heterocyclic compound. Exceptions were with bromacil and malathion and for the malathion-specific strain, Kano-C with malathion and the N-heterocycles.     

Effect of fungal metabolites and some derivatives against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Nezara viridula (L.)

Two fungal metabolites, aspyrone (3-(1,2-epoxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one) and asperlactone (3-(1,2-epoxypropyl)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-5-furan-2-one) were isolated from an Aspergillus ochraceus Wilhelm strain showing IGR activity against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Synthetic derivatives of aspyrone were produced using published methods. These derivatives together with aspyrone and asperlactone were tested for insect growth-regulating activity against T. castaneum, and for ovicidal activity against Nezara viridula L. Of the compounds tested asperlactone appeared to be the most active.